Build The Smallest ESP32 Drone You Can Fly with Your Phone! (ESP-FLY)

Dive into the world of DIY tech with the ESP-FLY, a tiny yet mighty micro drone that you can control with just your phone! Imagine the thrill of crafting your very own drone, whether you choose to 3D print it or opt for a PVC build. Once assembled, you’re all set to pilot this FPV-ready marvel, making it a fun-filled, affordable project with no need for costly transmitters or fancy equipment.

Guided by Max Imagination, this article will take you on a step-by-step journey to bring your mini quadcopter to life. Get a glimpse of everything you need, including the essential parts and materials, ensuring you’re fully prepared to build, program, and fly your drone. Whether you’re an FPV enthusiast or someone eager to start a new project, discover the joy of drone-making and enjoy the freedom of flight right at your fingertips!

Build The Smallest ESP32 Drone You Can Fly with Your Phone! (ESP-FLY)

Discover the ESP-FLY, an ingenious, compact ESP32 micro drone that you can either 3D Print or construct using PVC, all controlled right from your phone via WiFi! 📱 Forget pricey transmitters and intricate setups, just pure enjoyment. In this guide, I’ll walk you through the process to assemble, program, and pilot the most cost-effective, FPV-ready mini quadcopter! 🚁

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Apply this exclusive $10 PCB Coupon: https://bit.ly/4fxVW3L

Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32-S3 – Avail 10% OFF (ON OFFICIAL SITE) | Use Code: MaxImagination (expires on April 12):

Seeed Studio’s Website: https://www.seeedstudio.com/XIAO-ESP3

Amazon: https://amzn.to/4byrbve

AliExpress: https://s.click.aliexpress.com/e/_ok4

PCB Design Tool with AI – Flux: https://www.flux.ai/signup?utm_source

CAD Tool – Autodesk Fusion: https://www.autodesk.com/products/fus

My 3D Printer:

Elegoo Neptune 4 Plus via Amazon: https://amzn.to/4kxfvNu

Elegoo Neptune 4 Plus on Company Site: https://us.elegoo.com/products/neptun

Elektor Magazine – Save 50% on a 1-year Subscription | Code: maximagination50 (LIMITED TIME): https://www.elektormagazine.com/maxim

Project blog at Elektor Labs: https://www.elektormagazine.com/labs/

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👇 Project Info

📁 Project Files (Firmware, Gerber, Schematic, etc.) – https://drive.google.com/drive/folder

📐 Drone Frame 3D Model (STL files) – https://cults3d.com/en/3d-model/gadge

🖥️ Software – ESP-IDF (Navigate and Download Offline Installer “5.0.7.” 0.96 GB): https://dl.espressif.com/dl/esp-idf/?…

📱 ESP-Drone Mobile Control App – https://www.pgyer.com/a27L?sign&auSig

📜 Circuit Digest Firmware – https://github.com/Circuit-Digest/ESP… (Use Firmware from folder link instead)

Acknowledgements to JobitJoseph & Circuit Digest for firmware – • We built a Drone using ESP32 | Now on…

Thanks to ‪@drelectronics13‬ for assisting with the firmware! • ESP32 WI-FI CONTROLLED DRONE From Scr…

Explore more about Espressif’s ESP-Drone:

🗎 Documentation: https://docs.espressif.com/projects/e

🤖 Hardware Reference: https://docs.espressif.com/projects/e

🚁 Flight Control System: https://docs.espressif.com/projects/e

⚙️ Parts and Materials:

(x1) XIAO ESP32-S3 Sense with antenna – https://www.seeedstudio.com/XIAO-ESP3… ($7.49) (Check Amazon Link above)

(x1) MPU6050 IC – https://amzn.to/4gJoGY1 ($4.40)

(x4) SI2300 N-MOSFET – https://amzn.to/42XAFhq ($0.55)

(x4) 1N4148 Switching Diode – https://amzn.to/4k2RDBa ($0.08)

Resistors – 0805 SMD (From Kit): https://amzn.to/3X3Mi2l ($0.10)

(x9) 10KΩ

(x2) 200Ω

(x2) 150Ω

(x2) 100Ω

Capacitors – 0805 SMD (From Kit): https://amzn.to/41i0lUJ ($0.09)

(x6) 0.1μF

(x2) 0.01μF

LEDs – 0805 SMD (From Kit): https://amzn.to/41zA9nl ($0.30)

(x3) Red

(x2) White

(x1) Green

(x1) 90° JST Power Connector – https://amzn.to/3X06ges ($0.18)

(x4) Micro Coreless Motors – https://amzn.to/3EDFUZD ($10.99)

(x1) 150-250mAh LiPo Battery – https://amzn.to/4bS8YZB / https://www.seeedstudio.com/Crazyflie… ($9.99 avg)

(x4) Propeller – https://amzn.to/4i0U0Ct ($2.50)

(x1) Small Zip-tie – https://amzn.to/4gMhQRv ($0.04)

Solid core jumper wires – https://amzn.to/41PWBtG ($0.10)

(x1 of 5) PCB made by JLCPCB – ($0.42)

4g of 3D printed filament for frame/enclosure – https://amzn.to/4izYf8l ($0.07)

TOTAL OF THE ABOVE: $37.30 USD (+- $10) Cost may vary.

Extra:

If interested in FPV video:

📷 WT07 Micro 5.8GHz 25mW Camera with VTX – https://amzn.to/4hUpZF3 ($25.99)

👁️ FPV Headset – https://amzn.to/4kR8WVY

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As an Amazon Associate, earnings come from qualifying purchases with no extra cost to you.

Watch my Mini Arduino FPV Drone Video: • Make a TINY Arduino Drone with FPV Ca…

Get the COOL T-shirt I showcased! – https://max-imagination-merch.printif

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Chapters:

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Table of Contents

Overview of the ESP-FLY Micro Drone

Introduction to the ESP32 and its Capabilities

Let’s dive into the world of micro drones with the mighty ESP32 at its heart. The ESP32, a powerful microcontroller hailing from Espressif, boasts impressive processing power, integrated Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth capabilities. It’s designed to handle complex tasks with ease, making it an ideal candidate for controlling drones. With its robust performance and low power consumption, the ESP32 opens up endless possibilities for DIY enthusiasts. Imagine controlling your micro drone through a simple app on your smartphone, thanks to its brilliant connectivity!

Features of the ESP-FLY Drone

The ESP-FLY micro drone is a marvel of modern, compact technology. It’s designed with a focus on accessibility and performance. This petite powerhouse includes a lightweight frame that supports high-performance micro motors, an integrated Wi-Fi connection for easy control via a smartphone, and potential for first-person view (FPV) capabilities. Equipped with bright LEDs for visual indicators and a customizable PCB, the ESP-FLY caters to both novice builders and seasoned tinkerers. Its adaptability is underscored by its dual construction options: 3D printed or crafted from PVC.

Benefits of a DIY Micro Drone

Building a micro drone like the ESP-FLY offers numerous advantages. First, it provides a rewarding hands-on project that enhances your understanding of electronics and aerodynamics. It’s a cost-effective hobby compared to purchasing high-end drones, making it accessible for hobbyists. Moreover, the DIY approach allows for extensive customization, giving you the freedom to tweak designs and functionalities. With a DIY drone, you gain unique insights and practical experience, resulting in a sense of accomplishment when your creation takes to the skies.

Required Parts and Materials

List of Electronic Components

Embarking on the ESP-FLY journey requires a collection of specific electronic components. This includes motors, an ESP32 microcontroller, various resistors and capacitors, and LEDs for illumination. You’ll also need a custom PCB to mount and connect these components precisely. Sourcing quality parts ensures the optimal functioning of your micro drone, so always be keen on obtaining the best possible components.

Battery and Power Solutions

Powering your drone is pivotal for smooth and prolonged flights. A compact, rechargeable Li-Po battery is the best fit for a micro drone like the ESP-FLY due to its light weight and high energy density. Ensuring you have the correct voltage and current ratings is crucial to avoid overloading the circuits and to maximize flight time. Investing in a reliable charging solution is equally essential to keep your flights continuous and hassle-free.

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Frame Material Options: 3D Printing vs PVC

For constructing the frame, you have two primary options: 3D printing and PVC crafting. 3D printing allows for intricate designs with high precision, using materials such as PLA or ABS. This method offers a sleek and modern aesthetic, alongside durability. Alternatively, the PVC option provides a cost-effective and simple approach. It’s lightweight and easy to work with, making it perfect for simplicity and speed in assembly. The choice between the two hinges on your personal preference and the resources available to you.

Additional Tools and Accessories

Beyond the core components, a selection of tools and accessories is necessary to bring your drone to life. A soldering iron and solder are essential for assembling the PCB and attaching components. You’ll need a screwdriver set, wire cutters, and possibly a heat gun if working with PVC. Safety goggles, a multimeter for testing, and a small tool organizer will also prove useful throughout your project. These tools ensure you can complete your project efficiently and safely.

3D Design and Printing

Using Autodesk Fusion for Drone Design

When it comes to creating a precise 3D model of your drone, Autodesk Fusion 360 is an excellent choice. This software provides a comprehensive suite of tools for designing intricate parts. You can visualize the entire drone structure, ensuring all components fit seamlessly together. Utilizing Fusion 360’s capabilities allows you to simulate different load scenarios, optimizing the drone design for balanced flight.

Design Considerations for Aerodynamics

Crafting a drone requires a keen understanding of aerodynamics. Your design should facilitate smooth airflow over the drone’s body to minimize drag and enhance stability. Pay attention to the proportionality of the arms and motor mount positioning for optimal lift. Include features that allow for efficient cooling of components and weight distribution to ensure balanced flight and agility.

Step-by-step Guide to Exporting STL Files

Once your design in Autodesk Fusion is complete, exporting it for printing is a breeze. Simply save your model, choose the parts you wish to print, and export them as STL files. This file format is universally accepted by most 3D printing software. Ensure your model is correctly oriented and check dimensions to avoid any surprises during print assembly.

Recommended 3D Printer Settings and Materials

For successful printing, set your printer to use a layer height of around 0.2mm for a good balance between speed and detail. A moderate infill density of 20-30% is usually sufficient, using materials like PLA which offers good rigidity and ease of use. Ensure your printer’s nozzle and bed are clean and correctly set up to avoid scarring the prints and reducing quality.

Building the Frame

3D Printed Frame Assembly

Assembling a 3D printed frame begins with organizing your printed parts. Check each piece for any defects before proceeding. The assembly involves carefully snapping or screwing the pieces together, following the design specifications. Adhesives may be used for reinforcement in specific joints to ensure sturdiness.

Guide for Creating a PVC Frame

For a PVC frame, you’ll need to create a 2D template based on the 3D design plan. This involves cutting PVC sheets according to the template and heating them to mold into shape. Drill precise holes for mounting motors and fixing other components. The process is straightforward, and you can use household tools to achieve accurate results.

Comparison Between 3D Printed and PVC Frames

3D printed frames generally offer a more refined finish and can incorporate complex structures, whereas PVC frames are practical for those on a tight budget. Printed frames are lighter and more precise but might require specific equipment. PVC offers simplicity and ease, though it might add slightly more weight.

Electronic Assembly

Designing the Custom PCB for the Drone

Designing a custom PCB involves creating a blueprint that outlines where each component will be placed. Software tools aid in laying out your board effectively, ensuring connectivity and signal integrity. Plan for routing paths and position components to minimize interference and optimize space efficiency.

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Placing and Soldering Components

With your PCB ready, the next step is component placement. Use SMD techniques for compactness, and ensure correct polarity with components such as capacitors and LEDs. Proper soldering is crucial to avoid electrical short circuits and ensure long-lasting connections.

Connecting the Microcontroller and Sensors

Integrate the microcontroller by soldering it onto the board securely and connecting necessary peripherals like motion sensors. This connection is critical for obtaining stabilized flight data. Proper calibration and alignment of these components ensure that your drone performs optimally in flight conditions.

Firmware and Software Setup

Programming the ESP32 with the Necessary Firmware

Proper firmware is vital for the drone’s brain. You’ll need to program the ESP32 using an environment like Arduino IDE, uploading code that handles flight stabilization and communication protocols. Ensuring the firmware is efficient and bug-free allows for smoother flights and responsive controls.

Introduction to the Control App via WiFi

The ESP-FLY utilizes a smartphone app over WiFi to control the drone. This app facilitates connectivity, allowing real-time inputs to control flight paths. Understanding the application interface and configuring your phone to connect seamlessly lays the foundation for remotely controlling your drone with ease.

Testing and Troubleshooting the Software

Post setup, extensive testing is crucial to identify any software glitches or connectivity issues. Perform a series of tests to ensure all control inputs translate accurately into drone movements. Troubleshooting involves checking firmware settings, recalibrating sensors, and ensuring consistent Wi-Fi connections.

App Development and Setup

Choosing the Right Mobile App for Drone Control

Selecting the right mobile app is integral for a great flying experience. Apps designed specifically for drones offer intuitive interfaces and sophisticated features like FPV streaming and telemetry. Confirm that it supports your operating system and that it has a user-friendly layout.

Connecting and Configuring the App with the Drone

Once you’ve chosen an appropriate app, follow the steps to pair it with the ESP-FLY. This usually involves connecting via WiFi and inputting necessary configurations on both the app and the drone. Proper calibration in the app settings ensures accurate inputs during flights.

In-app Features and Functionality

Explore the functionalities within the control app. Many apps allow you to modify speed, adjust stabilization sensitivity, and even capture photos or video during flights. Understanding these features enriches your flying experience, enabling you to tailor your drone’s performance to your preferences.

Flight Testing and Calibration

Initial Flight Tests and Adjustments

Start with initial flight tests in an open area. These trials help assess stability, control response, and flight characteristics. Make incremental adjustments to parameters like motor speed and sensor sensitivity based on observed behavior to refine performance.

Calibrating Sensors for Optimal Performance

Calibration is essential for precise navigational control. Use the calibration features to align gyroscopes and accelerometers accurately. Regular calibration ensures that the drone maintains stability and responsiveness, which are critical for advanced maneuvers.

Safety Precautions During Flight Testing

Safety should always be a priority during flight testing. Ensure you are in a safe environment, clear of obstacles and people. Keep a safe distance from the drone during operation and wear safety goggles to shield your eyes from potential debris.

First-Person View (FPV) Setup

Integrating an FPV Camera with the Drone

To enhance your piloting experience, an FPV camera can be integrated into the drone. Select a lightweight camera compatible with the drone’s power output and position it strategically for a clear forward view. This setup allows you to experience the flight from a pilot’s perspective.

Setting Up a Video Transmission Feed

With the FPV camera in place, establish a video feed to your smartphone or display screen. Use a low-latency, high-quality transmitter to avoid delays and maintain a clear video stream. Ensure the receiver is capable of seamless connectivity over reasonable distances during flight.

Enhancing the FPV Experience

Take your FPV experience further by experimenting with different camera angles and higher resolution cameras. Investing in quality transmission systems enhances clarity, allowing for an immersive flying experience. You can also explore using FPV goggles for a more engaging and realistic pilot view.

Conclusion and Further Enhancements

Final Thoughts on Building the ESP-FLY

Building the ESP-FLY is an exciting venture that combines creativity, technical skill, and determination. It’s a project that not only results in a functional drone but also provides invaluable learning in electronics, programming, and aerodynamics. The joy of watching your own creation soar through the sky is unparalleled.

Options for Upgrading and Customizing the Drone

The ESP-FLY’s open-ended design makes it ripe for improvements. Consider adding features like autonomous navigation, GPS tracking, or advanced sensors. Upgrade motors for increased lift or longer flight times, or customize the frame design for better aesthetics or aerodynamics.

Encouragement for Experimenting with DIY Drones

Embrace the spirit of innovation by experimenting with your drone project. Don’t be afraid to iterate on designs or try new components. Each tweak and adjustment brings new insights and learning. The world of DIY drones is vast and inviting, and building your own drone can be just the beginning of many exciting flights ahead.